Critical ingredient in the management is important because of the following reasons: ➤  Efficiency and effectiveness of human efforts : Management tries to combine the resources of an organisation in the most productive so as to maximise the benefits and minimise the wastage. This leads to efficiency. Management insists on using innovative ideas to bring out quality and effective products. It creates balance between effectiveness and efficiency of human efforts.   ➤ Harmony in work: Employees who come from different backgrounds have different qualifications and different  styles of working. If everyone is allowed to follow their own style of working, it can lead to chaos and confusion in the organisation. Management brings uniformity in their efforts leading to systematic working with good results. ➤ Nation’s growth: Economic growth of a country depends on how efficiently resources are being utilised. Efficient management makes optimum utilisation of resour...

Tri bal society has been worshiping nature as a festival since ancient times. Those who are useful in life are worshiped as gods. In tribal society any festival is celebrated ones in a year. Pujara, Bodva and Modvi( Tribal Historians) of the tribal community have preserved the tribal cultural customs by preserving the oral tradition by keeping the annual festivals intact.   Ø   The unwritten but oral tradition of the tribals has been going on since ancient times. 15 thousand years ago people were wandering and living in forest. The group used to roam and earn their living by eating tubers and fruits from the forest.  In Satpuda region at that time, Kolpasa, Goryakothar, Devgondari, Vinyadev, Rajapantha, Tarhamahal, Umravanu, Helbadev, Agipandar and Gimbdev etc. were head of the pressure group worked tirelessly to collect all kinds of grain from the forest and separate them for the benefit of the people. Ø   They then did collective farming at Dhanya Dab and fille...

  INTRODUCTION The basic object of accounting is to provide information to the interested parties. Accounting information is required by the persons inside the organisation and also by the outsiders, such as government, creditors, bankers, customers etc. On the basis of information based on accounting, important decisions are taken. The decisions of economic resource allocation is primarily based on the accounting information. The financial accounting system provides the basic information useful to the businessman. Accounting may be classified as follows:      1.    Financial Accounting 2.   Cost Accounting 3.     Management Accounting Financial accounting provides information about the income, expenditure, profits, losses and the financial position of the Organisation. This information is helpful to the management to control the major function of the business i.e. finance, production distribution etc. However, financial statement...

The term Capital Budgeting  refers to the long-term planning for proposed capital outlays or expenditure for the purpose of maximizing return on investments. The capital expenditure may be: 1.      Cost of mechanization, automation and replacement. 2.      Cost of acquisition of fixed assets, e.g., land, building and machinery etc. 3.    Investment on research and development. 4.     Cost of development and expansion of existing and new projects. DEFINITION OF CAPITAL BUDGETING Capital Budget is also known as “Investment Decision Making or Capital Expenditure Decisions” or “Planning Capital Expenditure” etc. Normally such decisions where investment of money and expected benefits arising therefrom are spread over more than one year, it includes both raising of long-term funds as well as their utilization. Charles T.Horngnen has defined capital budgeting as “Capital Budgeting is long-term planning for making and financing pr...